• Transition to an aerated neonate lung hinges on rapid postnatal alveolar fluid clearance, onset of gas exchange, and reorganization of pulmonary circulation; cord clamping timing modulates ductal and pulmonary pressures and shunt behavior. [18] [7] [15] [19] [9] [2] [8]

• Ventilation modalities and mechanics in the newborn became a central focus: how positive-pressure strategies, and later negative-pressure approaches, influence ventilation, gas exchange, and clinical outcomes in respiratory distress. [6] [13] [8] [18]

• Hyaline membrane disease pathophysiology, the hyaline membranes, and reparative phenomena define the early pathophysiology and post-event remodeling in neonates. [12] [1] [11]

• Hemodynamics and ductus/arterial pressures in neonatal circulation reveal complex cardiopulmonary interactions during transition, including oxygen environment effects on ductus arteriosus, shunting, and pulmonary pressures. [19] [9] [15] [2] [7] [20]